Development of the 2S1 Gvosdika (carnation) 122 mm self-propelled howitzer began in 1967. First prototypes were built in 1969 and in was adopted by the Soviet Army in 1971. Production of the 2S1 Gvosdika commenced in 1972. It was first seen in public at a Polish Army parade in 1974. This artillery systems was deployed in large numbers. It has been exported to a number of Soviet allies. Also it has seen combat during numerous military conflicts. The Gvosdika is currently in service with a number of countries.

   The 2S1 Gvosdika is fitted with a D-32 122 mm rifled howitzer. It is a modified variant of the D-30 towed howitzer. It is fitted with a load assisting system. Maximum rate of fire is 4-5 rounds per minute. The Gvosdika is compatible with all 122 mm munitions developed for the D-30 howitzer. These include fragmentation, HE-FRAG, HEAT, cluster, smoke and illumination projectiles. A total of 40 rounds are carried, usually 35 HE-FRAG and 5 HEAT. Maximum range of fire with HE-FRAG projectile is 15.2 km.

   The 2S1 Gvosdika SPH has a crew of four, including commander, gunner, loader and driver.

   Hull and turret are of welded steel armor construction. Protection is against small arms fire and artillery shell splinters. Vehicle is fitted with NBC protection system.

   The 2S1 Gvosdika is based on the modified MT-LB multi-purpose armored vehicle chassis. Vehicle is powered by a YaMZ-238V diesel engine, developing 240 horsepower. Vehicle is amphibious, though the ammunition load has to be reduced to 30 rounds in order to cross rivers and lakes afloat. On water vehicle is propelled by its tracks. Maximum speed on water is 4.5 km/h. The 2S1 Gvosdika SPH can be airlifted by An-12, Il-76, C-130, or similar military transport aircraft.

Variants

   2S34 Hosta is a modernized version of the 2S1 Gvosdika.